Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:init [2008/08/31 22:27]
90.2.170.8
+++ maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:init [2014/02/17 00:16]
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
-INIT(8)                 Gestionnaire de systeme d'OpenBSD                INIT(8)
-===== NOM =====
-**init** - systeme de gestion d'initialisation
-===== RESUME =====
-**init** [**-fs**]
-===== DESCRIPTION =====
-Le programme **init** est la derniere etape du processus de boot. Ça
-execute normallement la sequence des evenements decrite dans [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:rc|rc(8)]]
-et si cela reussis, les operation multi-utilisateur commencent. Si le script
-de boot echoue, init demarre les operations en simple-utilisateur pour
-donner au superutilisateur un shell sur la console.
-Le programme **init** peut être passé en paramètre à partir du programme
-de boot pour prévenir le fait que le systeme passe en multiutilisateur et
-pour, à la place, éxecuter un invité de commande simple utilisateur sans
-initialiser les démons normaux.
-Les paramètres suivant peuvent être passé depuis le programme de
-démarrage :
-**-f**      Active le mode démarrage-éclair
-**-s**      Démarre directement dans le mode utilisateur simple.
-The system is then quiescent for maintenance work and may later be made
-to go to multi-user by exiting the single-user shell (with ^D).  This
-causes init to run the /etc/rc startup command file in fastboot mode
-(skipping disk checks).
-If the console entry in the [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:5:ttys|ttys(5)]] file does not contain the ``secure''
-flag, then init will require that the superuser password be entered be-
-fore the system will start a single-user shell.  The password check is
-skipped if the console is marked as ``secure''.
-The kernel [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:7:securelvel|securelevel(7)]] is normally set to 0 while in single-user mode,
-and raised to 1 when the system begins multi-user operations.  This ac-
-tion will not take place if the securelevel is -1, and can be modified
-via the /etc/rc.securelevel script.
-In multi-user operation, init maintains processes for the terminal ports
-found in the file [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:5:ttys|ttys(5)]].  init reads this file, and executes the com-
-mand found in the second field.  This command is usually [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:getty|getty(8)]]; getty
-opens and initializes the tty line and executes the login program.  The
-login program, when a valid user logs in, executes a shell for that user.
-When this shell dies, either because the user logged out or an abnormal
-termination occurred (a signal), the init program wakes up, deletes the
-user from the [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:5:utmp|utmp(5)]] file of current users and records the logout in the
-wtmp file.  The cycle is then restarted by init executing a new getty for
-the line.
-Line status (on, off, secure, getty, or window information) may be
-changed in the ttys file without a reboot by sending the signal SIGHUP to
-init with the command ``kill -s HUP 1''.  On receipt of this signal, init
-re-reads the ttys file.  When a line is turned off in ttys, init will
-send a SIGHUP signal to the controlling process for the session associat-
-ed with the line.  For any lines that were previously turned off in the
-ttys file and are now on, init executes a new getty to enable a new lo-
-gin.  If the getty or window field for a line is changed, the change
-takes effect at the end of the current login session (e.g., the next time
-init starts a process on the line).  If a line is commented out or delet-
-ed from ttys, init will not do anything at all to that line.  However, it
-will complain that the relationship between lines in the ttys file and
-records in the utmp file is out of sync, so this practice is not recom-
-mended.
-**init** will terminate multi-user operations and resume single-user mode if
-sent a terminate (TERM) signal, for example, ``kill -s TERM 1''.  If
-there are processes outstanding that are deadlocked (because of hardware
-or software failure), init will not wait for them all to die (which might
-take forever), but will time out after 30 seconds and print a warning
-message.
-**init** will cease creating new [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:getty|getty(8)]] and allow the system to slowly die
-away, if it is sent a terminal stop (TSTP) signal, i.e., ``kill -s TSTP
-''.  A later hangup will resume full multi-user operations, or a termi-
-nate will start a single-user shell.  This hook is used by [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:reboot|reboot(8)]] and
-[[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:halt|halt(8)]].
-**init** will terminate multi-user operations, kill all [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:getty|getty(8)]], run
-/etc/rc.shutdown, and halt the machine if user-defined signal 1 (USR1) or
-user-defined signal 2 is received.  /etc/rc.shutdown can specify that a
-powerdown is requested.  Alternatively, USR2 specifically requests a pow-
-erdown.
-The role of init is so critical that if it dies, the system will reboot
-itself automatically.  If, at bootstrap time, the init process cannot be
-located, the system will panic with the message ``panic: init died
-(signal %d, exit %d)''.
-===== RESSOURCES =====
-When init spawns a process it sets the process priority, umask, and re-
-source limits based on /etc/login.conf.  When starting the [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:rc|rc(8)]] files,
-the login class ``daemon'' is used.  When starting a window system or
-[[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:getty|getty(8)]], the login class ``default'' is used.  No resource changes are
-made when entering single user mode.
-===== FICHIERS =====
-/dev/console         system console device
-/dev/tty*            terminal ports found in ttys
-/etc/rc              system startup commands
-/etc/rc.securelevel  commands that run before the security level changes
-/etc/rc.shutdown     script run at shutdown time
-/etc/ttys            terminal initialization information file
-/fastboot            tells [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:rc|rc(8)]] not to run [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:fsck|fsck(8)]] during the next boot
-/var/run/utmp        record of users currently logged in
-/var/log/wtmp        record of all logins and logouts
-===== DIAGNOSTICS =====
-getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping  A process being started
-to service a line is exiting quickly each time it is started.  This is
-often caused by a ringing or noisy terminal line.  Init will sleep for 10
-seconds, then continue trying to start the process.
-some processes would not die; ps axl advised.  A process is hung and
-could not be killed when the system was shutting down.  This condition is
-usually caused by a process that is stuck in a device driver because of a
-persistent device error condition.
-===== VOIR AUSSI =====
-[[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:1:kill|kill(1)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:1:login|login(1)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:1:sh|sh(1)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:5:fbtab|fbtab(5)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:5:login.conf|login.conf(5)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:5:ttys|ttys(5)]],
-[[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:7:securelevel|securelevel(7)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:crash|crash(8)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:getty|getty(8)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:halt|halt(8)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:rc|rc(8)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:rc.shutdown|rc.shutdown(8)]],
-[[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:reboot|reboot(8)]], [[:maxime:openbsd:manpages-fr:8:shutdown|shutdown(8)]]
-===== HISTORIQUE =====
-Une commande init est apparue dans la version 6 de l'UNIX d'AT&T.
-OpenBSD 4.4                      24 août 2008                                2